Daily Archives: March 15, 2026

White Paper: Legal and Ethical Challenges of Orbital Warfare: Treaty Limitations, Weaponization, Debris Liability, and Sovereignty in the Space Domain

Abstract The legal and ethical framework governing military activities in orbital space rests on a foundation built for an era whose strategic circumstances bear only partial resemblance to those of the present day. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 — … Continue reading

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White Paper: Lessons from Early Air Warfare, 1900–1945: Doctrine Lag, Strategic Bombing, Reconnaissance, and Air Superiority as Templates for Space Strategy

Abstract The first four decades of military aviation — from the Wright Brothers’ first powered flight in 1903 through the conclusion of the Second World War in 1945 — constitute the most compressed and consequential period of military domain development … Continue reading

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White Paper: Lessons from Early Naval Warfare: Sea Lanes, Ports, Blockade, and Fleet Presence as Templates for Space Strategy

Abstract The history of naval warfare from the age of sail through the era of steam-powered sea power offers the most fully developed body of strategic theory, operational experience, and institutional learning available for the analysis of competition and conflict … Continue reading

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White Paper: Private Actors and Commercial Constellations: The Unlegislated Variable in Contemporary Space Warfare

Abstract The emergence of private actors as principal operators of strategically significant space infrastructure represents the most structurally novel development in the history of space as a military domain — a development for which the strategic literature, the international legal … Continue reading

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White Paper: Orbital Debris as Strategic Terrain: Kessler Syndrome, Denial Weapons, and Environmental Warfare in Orbit

Abstract Orbital debris — the accumulating population of defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, fragmentation clouds, and sub-centimeter particulate matter that occupies every altitude band from Low Earth Orbit to Geosynchronous Earth Orbit — has been treated primarily as an environmental … Continue reading

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Space Logistics and Launch Capacity: Launch Cadence as the Decisive Variable in Orbital Competition

Abstract Strategic competition in orbital space has generated an extensive literature on counterspace weapons, deterrence architecture, orbital mechanics, and the governance of space-based military infrastructure, but has devoted comparatively little systematic attention to the logistical foundation upon which all orbital … Continue reading

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