Tag Archives: language

Equal in Law, Unequal in Instrument: Sámi-Language Scholarship Inside Norway’s Language-Protection Regime

1. The question Norway is the standing counterexample in debates about small-language scholarship. It built a national publication indicator with tiered channel lists that deliberately count Norwegian-language outlets, on the reasoning that domestically relevant research published domestically is a public … Continue reading

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Methodological Coda: The Three-Layer Protocol Beyond Catalonia

Placement. Late in the methodology book, after the negative-space apparatus is established and before the abandoned-project material. It functions as the generalization test: a method derived from one case earns its place only if it deforms predictably across others. Chapter … Continue reading

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Asymmetries of Expression Between Danish and English: Kan lide and Related Cases

Abstract Every language pair produces a two-way ledger of expressive asymmetry: places where the target language requires machinery the source language handles with a single word, and places where the reverse holds. Learners typically notice only the first column, because … Continue reading

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The Logic of en and et: Gender Assignment in the Danish Indefinite Article

Abstract Danish presents the learner with two indefinite articles, en and et, where English offers one. The usual explanation — that Danish nouns have two genders and one must simply memorize which is which — is true but unhelpful, and … Continue reading

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The Afterlife of a Lingua Franca: Tracing the Survival of Mobilian Jargon in Later Languages and Cultural Artifacts

Introduction When a contact language falls silent, it rarely vanishes without remainder. The question of “survival” is more delicate than the binary of living versus dead language suggests, because a pidgin can perish as a functioning medium of communication while … Continue reading

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The Least Understood Language Families: A Survey of Underdocumented Groupings and What Their Better Understanding Would Require

Abstract The world’s language families are unevenly served by scholarship. A handful — Indo-European above all, then Sino-Tibetan, Austronesian, Afro-Asiatic, Uralic, Dravidian, and a few others — have been the focus of sustained comparative work for a century or more, … Continue reading

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The Outside Ally in Language Preservation: A Framework for Useful Contribution Without Membership

Abstract The literature on endangered language preservation has, appropriately, shifted over recent decades toward emphasizing community ownership, indigenous methodologies, and the priority of speaker communities in determining the goals and methods of preservation work. This shift has been corrective and … Continue reading

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Languages Under Threat: A Typology of Endangerment and the Architecture of Response

Abstract Of the approximately seven thousand languages currently spoken, somewhere between forty and fifty percent are projected by various measures to fall out of intergenerational transmission within this century. The headline figures are familiar; the structural questions behind them are … Continue reading

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Lost but Potentially Recoverable Sources for the Xiongnu/Hunnic Language Problem: A Survey of Recovery Programs

Abstract The Xiongnu confederation of the eastern steppe (roughly third century BCE through second century CE) and the European Huns of the fourth and fifth centuries CE remain linguistically opaque despite occupying central positions in Eurasian political history. The total … Continue reading

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Appendix A: Glossary of Governance Terms (Corporate vs. Ecclesial)

Purpose of This Glossary The arguments of this suite have repeatedly turned on distinctions between corporate-legal vocabulary and ecclesial-theological vocabulary. The two registers use overlapping words — member, authority, officer, governance, body — to mean structurally different things, and the … Continue reading

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