Daily Archives: July 24, 2026

Measuring Absence: Why Combat Participation Rate Requires Decomposition: Perryville, Antietam, and the Causes of Non-Engagement: A follow-up to “Battles Decided Before They Were Fought”

Abstract The preceding paper proposed combat participation rate — the share of a mustered force that actually made contact — as a diagnostic tool for identifying battles settled by pre-battle negotiation rather than tactical decision. At Bosworth and Sekigahara, a … Continue reading

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Battles Decided Before They Were Fought: Bosworth, Sekigahara, and the Neglected Historiography of Pre-Battle Alignment

Abstract Two battles occupy nearly identical positions in the national narratives of England and Japan. Bosworth Field (22 August 1485) is treated as the terminus of the Wars of the Roses and the founding moment of the Tudor century. Sekigahara … Continue reading

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