Daily Archives: February 24, 2026

Stewardship as Formed Competence: A Non-Utopian Account of Shared Life

Abstract The dominant theoretical positions in commons governance literature divide between pessimism—the Hobbesian tradition in which self-interest makes shared governance chronically unstable without coercive authority—and optimism—the communitarian tradition in which restored solidarity and shared values can recover what modernity has … Continue reading

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From the Office Refrigerator to the Aquifer: Commons Failure as a Scale-Invariant Pattern

Abstract Commons failure has been studied almost exclusively at the scale of natural resource systems—fisheries, aquifers, forests, grazing land—on the implicit assumption that the governance challenges of large-scale resource commons are structurally distinct from the governance challenges of smaller shared … Continue reading

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Moralization as Enclosure Technology: How Domination Acquires Legitimacy

Abstract The conventional sequence in commons discourse runs from empirical observation to moral judgment to policy prescription: commons fail, the failure is attributed to the irresponsibility of contributors, and enclosure or privatization is proposed as the rational corrective. This paper … Continue reading

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Constraint Intolerance and the Psychology of Enclosure: Toward a Formation-Based Account

Abstract Standard accounts of commons failure attribute enclosure behavior to greed, short-sightedness, or structural incentives that reward individual extraction at collective expense. This paper proposes an alternative and complementary explanatory variable that the standard accounts cannot see from within their … Continue reading

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Commons Are Made, Not Given: Formation as the Missing Variable in Political Economy

Abstract The governance of shared resources has been theorized, debated, and legislated for decades without arriving at a satisfactory account of why some communities sustain commons governance over extended periods while others fail within a single generation. The dominant explanatory … Continue reading

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Land, Limits, and Judgment: A Biblical-Theological Critique of Enclosure

Abstract The biblical tradition contains a coherent, structurally integrated, and theologically rigorous land ethic that stands in direct and irreconcilable contradiction to the logic of enclosure. This paper develops that ethic from its foundations in the Torah’s account of land … Continue reading

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The Myth of the Inevitable Tragedy: Historical Commons and the Limits of Hardin’s Model

Abstract Garrett Hardin’s 1968 essay “The Tragedy of the Commons” has exercised extraordinary influence over four decades of policy discourse, legitimating enclosure, privatization, and state management as the only rational responses to shared resource governance. This paper contests that influence … Continue reading

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