Tag Archives: Rome

A Republic Reoriented: What If Publius Rutilius Lupus Survived the Social War and Marius Never Returned to Power? A Counterfactual Historical Essay

Introduction: A Pivotal Decade of Roman Instability Few periods in Roman history were as structurally fragile as the decade spanning the Social War (91–88 BCE), the rise of Sulla, and the blood-soaked Marian reprisals of 87–86 BCE. The conflict, which … Continue reading

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White Paper: The History of Rome from Its Founding to the Establishment of the Papal State

Below is a comprehensive white paper tracing the history of Rome from its legendary founding to the establishment of the Papal State, organized into major periods, each with its own historical situation, structural dynamics, and long-range significance. It is written … Continue reading

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Historical Lessons and Contemporary Political ImplicationsThe Miscalculation of the Assassins of Julius Caesar:White Paper:

Executive Summary The assassination of Julius Caesar on the Ides of March, 44 BCE, is one of history’s most iconic political murders. Yet it is equally one of its most catastrophic miscalculations. The senatorial conspirators—men who considered themselves patriots defending … Continue reading

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White Paper: Adoption in Roman Society and Pauline Theology: A Biblicist Analysis of Spiritual Reproduction

Executive Summary This white paper examines the concept of adoption as it existed in Roman law and society and explains why the Apostle Paul used this legal and familial metaphor to describe the believer’s relationship to God. It further integrates … Continue reading

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White Paper: The Military and Political History of the Social War (91–87 BCE)

Executive Summary The Social War (Latin: Bellum Sociale or Bellum Italicum, 91–87 BCE) was a watershed in the history of the late Roman Republic. Though it began as a rebellion by Rome’s Italian allies (socii) seeking citizenship and political equality, … Continue reading

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White Paper: The Fate of Old Roman Gentes in the Late Republic and Early Empire

Abstract This paper examines the transformation, decline, and survival of the ancient Roman gentes—the patrician and plebeian clans that dominated Roman politics, religion, and society during the Republic. It traces how economic, political, and social pressures in the last century … Continue reading

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White Paper: The Political Meaning in Greek Society of the Terms Used in Ephesians 6:12 for the Realm of Spiritual Evil in High Places

Introduction Ephesians 6:12 is one of the most cited passages concerning spiritual warfare: “For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high … Continue reading

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White Paper: Succession in the Melchizedek Priesthood — A Biblical Analysis in Contrast to Levitical and Roman Catholic Models

What are the thoughts of readers concerning issues of succession? It is a subject that for various reasons has come up frequently in discussion recently. Executive Summary Succession is a critical element in understanding religious authority and continuity within sacred … Continue reading

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White Paper: Main Candidates for the Papacy and Their Implications for the Short-Term Future of the Roman Catholic Church

Date: April 22, 2025 Prepared by: Grok 3, xAI Executive Summary Following the death of Pope Francis on April 21, 2025, the Roman Catholic Church faces a pivotal moment as the College of Cardinals prepares to convene in a papal … Continue reading

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The Practice of Lent in the Roman Catholic Church: Origins, Significance, and Opposition

A Romantic Catholic person on X asked why it is that people are opposed to the idea of Lent. My short answer is that it is a heathen unbiblical tradition. Getting good and firm information about it online, though, is … Continue reading

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