Category Archives: American Civil War

White Paper: Samuel Ryan Curtis as a Political and Military General in the American Civil War

Posted on December 18, 2025 by nathanalbright

Executive Summary Samuel Ryan Curtis (1805–1866) was one of the most unusual Union generals of the Civil War: an engineer, a West Point graduate, a three-term Congressman, a military administrator, and the victor of the strategically important Battle of Pea … Continue reading →

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Command Ambiguity and Operational Friction: The Negative Effects of Robert E. Lee’s Vague Orders on the Army of Northern Virginia

Posted on December 13, 2025 by nathanalbright

Executive Summary This white paper examines the operational consequences of General Robert E. Lee’s habitual use of vague, discretionary orders within the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV), particularly during the middle and late phases of the American Civil War. While … Continue reading →

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White Paper: Grant at Cairo: Logistical Strategy in the Early Civil War and the Modern Failure of Cairo, Illinois to Capitalize on Its Strategic Location

Posted on December 11, 2025 by nathanalbright

Executive Summary During the opening phase of the American Civil War, Cairo, Illinois served as one of the most strategically important logistical hubs in the Western Theater. Its position at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers made it … Continue reading →

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White Paper: The Pattern of Paired Free and Slave State Admissions (1820–1850) and the Delays It Imposed on American Statehood

Posted on December 6, 2025 by nathanalbright

Executive Summary Between 1820 and 1850, the United States Senate became the institutional battleground for maintaining a sectional equilibrium between free and slave states. This equilibrium—never formally codified but fiercely enforced through political custom—dictated that every new free state must … Continue reading →

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White Paper: West Virginia’s Appeal To Heaven

Posted on November 21, 2025 by nathanalbright

This white paper analyzes the “Appeal to Heaven” movement to invite western Virginia and western Maryland counties to join West Virginia, focusing on its historical symbolism, legal framework, political drivers, economic implications, and likely trajectories. It is descriptive and analytical, … Continue reading →

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White Paper: The Timing and Nature of the Abolition of Slavery in the Northern States

Posted on September 8, 2025 by nathanalbright

Executive Summary The abolition of slavery in the northern United States was not a singular or uniform event, but rather a gradual and regionally diverse process that unfolded between the late 18th and mid-19th centuries. It reflected a combination of … Continue reading →

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The Collapse of the Federalist and Whig Parties: A Comparative White Paper on Causes and Timing of Party Disintegration in American History

Posted on July 9, 2025 by nathanalbright

Executive Summary The Federalist Party (c. 1791–1816) and the Whig Party (c. 1833–1854) were two of the most significant political coalitions in the early history of the United States, each serving as the principal opposition to a dominant rival (the … Continue reading →

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White Paper: “Subject to the Jurisdiction Thereof”: A Legal and Constitutional Analysis of the Phrase in the Fourteenth Amendment

Posted on July 2, 2025 by nathanalbright

Executive Summary The phrase “subject to the jurisdiction thereof” in the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution has been a focal point of legal and political debate since the Amendment’s ratification in 1868. Its interpretation … Continue reading →

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The Fancy Trade: Geography, Nature, and Cultural Implications of a Gendered Slave Economy

Posted on June 22, 2025 by nathanalbright

The “fancy trade” was a euphemism used in the antebellum United States to describe the commercial sale of enslaved women—primarily of mixed African and European descent—specifically for the purposes of sexual exploitation. Though situated within the broader framework of American … Continue reading →

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White Paper: Exceptions to State Control of the National Guard under the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act

Posted on June 10, 2025 by nathanalbright

I. Introduction The 1878 Posse Comitatus Act (PCA), also known as the Posse Comitatus Act, was a landmark piece of legislation passed to limit the power of the federal government to use military forces, including the Army and the National … Continue reading →

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