Today, as I write this, Greenland went to the polls in an atmosphere of intense tension between increasing American interest in the area, Denmark’s own intransigence despite its failure to develop the region, and Greenland’s own desire for more freedom. What are some other areas around the world where the desire for liberty can serve as the flashpoint for conflicts? Here’s a short guide:

Several autonomous or non-self-governing regions around the world have active independence movements or strong potential for becoming independent states. The likelihood of independence depends on factors like economic viability, political support, international recognition, and historical grievances. Here are some of the most prominent regions rich for independence today:

1. Catalonia (Spain)

• Why? Catalonia has a strong cultural identity, a distinct language, and an advanced economy. Many Catalans argue that they contribute more to Spain than they receive.
• Challenges: Spain’s central government strongly opposes secession, and the EU is unlikely to recognize an independent Catalonia.

2. Scotland (United Kingdom)

• Why? Scotland has a history of independence movements, a strong economy, and political institutions that could sustain an independent state. The 2014 independence referendum was close, and Brexit reignited calls for a second vote.
• Challenges: The UK government has so far refused another referendum, and economic uncertainties remain.

3. Taiwan (Claimed by China)

• Why? Taiwan operates as a de facto independent state with its own government, economy, and military. It has a strong democracy and international economic ties.
• Challenges: China claims Taiwan as a province and has vowed to prevent formal independence, with the threat of military force.

4. Kurdistan (Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Iran)

• Why? The Kurds have a distinct culture, language, and history of seeking self-rule. Iraqi Kurdistan already enjoys significant autonomy.
• Challenges: Neighboring countries fear Kurdish independence could inspire separatist movements within their own borders.

5. Quebec (Canada)

• Why? Quebec has a unique French-speaking identity and has held independence referenda before. The movement remains active.
• Challenges: Economic dependence on Canada and a declining separatist movement make independence less likely in the near future.

6. Bougainville (Papua New Guinea)

• Why? A 2019 referendum saw 98% of voters favor independence. Bougainville has rich natural resources.
• Challenges: Papua New Guinea must negotiate terms, and the transition process is still uncertain.

7. Western Sahara (Claimed by Morocco)

• Why? The Sahrawi people, led by the Polisario Front, seek independence from Moroccan rule. The region has international legal backing as a non-self-governing territory.
• Challenges: Morocco controls most of the region and has international support from key allies.

8. New Caledonia (France)

• Why? New Caledonia has a unique indigenous Kanak identity and has already held multiple independence referenda.
• Challenges: Recent referenda showed a split population, and France wants to keep it as a strategic and economic asset.

9. Puerto Rico (United States)

• Why? Many Puerto Ricans seek full sovereignty due to economic challenges and U.S. federal control over local affairs.
• Challenges: Political divisions exist between statehood, independence, and the current commonwealth status.

10. Somaliland (Self-declared, Somalia)

• Why? Somaliland functions as an independent state with its own government, economy, and stability, unlike the rest of Somalia.
• Challenges: No international recognition, which limits its diplomatic and economic opportunities.

These regions all have strong cultural, historical, and economic reasons for independence, but face challenges from political resistance, economic risks, and lack of international recognition. Which one do you think has the strongest case?