One of the gripe I often have about having to deal with as many passwords as I do is that passwords and two-factor authentication is tedious and time consuming and frequently causes problems when it comes to accessing websites and punishes law-abiding users because of the problems with those who do not obey rules and norms. Are there better ways? Let us count the ways:

Yes! There are several alternatives to passwords and verification codes that could enhance security while improving user experience. Here are a few promising options:

1. Biometric Authentication

• Fingerprint Scanning: Already widely used on smartphones and laptops.
• Face Recognition: Apple’s Face ID and similar systems provide seamless authentication.
• Iris or Retina Scanning: More secure but less common due to hardware requirements.
• Voice Recognition: Could be used for access in call centers or smart home devices.

2. Passkeys (Public Key Cryptography)

• Companies like Google and Apple are pushing for passkeys, which replace passwords with cryptographic key pairs.
• The private key is stored securely on a user’s device, and the public key is verified by the service.
• No password is needed, eliminating risks of phishing and brute-force attacks.

3. Behavioral Biometrics

• Systems can analyze how users type, swipe, or hold their phone to confirm identity.
• Works in the background and adds an extra layer of security.

4. Hardware Security Keys (FIDO2/U2F)

• Devices like YubiKey or Google Titan Security Key require physical authentication.
• Even if someone steals login credentials, they can’t access an account without the hardware key.

5. QR Code-Based Authentication

• Similar to how WhatsApp Web works—scan a QR code from an authenticated device to log in.
• No need for passwords, just access to a trusted device.

6. Zero-Trust Security Models

• Continuous authentication based on location, device, and risk analysis rather than one-time verification codes.
• AI detects suspicious activity and requests further authentication only when necessary.

For other users of technology or people in IT, which of these options do you prefer working with?